Doctors who specialize in caring for older adults remain rare



Dr. Michael McCloud chats with audience members in Davis last week after giving a lecture titled “Old People Say the Darndest Things … and Why We Should Listen.”

Karen Robison, a retired registered nurse who relocated in Carmichael from Wisconsin with her husband a year ago, has strong beliefs about the medical care of older people.

“I want to see a specialist,” said Robison, 72. “This is too important a stage of life not to go to someone who really knows what’s going on with older adults.”

But the specialists are in short supply.

According to the California Medical Board, only 15 doctors in Sacramento, Yolo, Placer and El Dorado counties currently identify themselves as geriatricians – primary care physicians who specialize in treating older people. (By comparison, 350 local physicians are pediatricians.)

Dr. Michael McCloud, the UC Davis geriatrician known widely for his annual Mini Medical School on healthy aging, thinks only a handful of local physicians have completed, like him, multiyear fellowships in geriatrics.

“I’d surmise that your average American medical school student has never met a geriatrician,” he said.

In a rapidly aging society, the numbers are clearly out of whack. The country’s fastest growing age group is 85 and older, with the leading of edge of the baby boom already well into their 60s.

Even as the number of geriatricians in the nation has dropped by a quarter since 2000, down to 7,000, the American Geriatrics Society estimates 36,000 will be needed by 2030.

As Sutter Senior Care geriatrician Dr. Christine Rozance points out, there’s also a shortage of young doctors going into primary care in general, partly because the income potential tends to be lower than in other specialties.

“But all primary care doctors are increasingly seeing older and older patients,” she said, “and they are increasingly required to have training to keep up in this area. It’s not being ignored.”

At issue for geriatric specialists is whether medical schools and the managed care system value the kind of medicine they practice, heavy on prevention, the comprehensive assessment of lifestyle and the treatment of chronic conditions that require management, not cure.

For example, McCloud says, when an older person breaks a hip, an orthopedist treats the fracture and an internist tests for osteoporosis.

“But the geriatrician says, ‘Why did this person fall and how will we keep them from falling next time?’ ” he said. “Has anybody taken the blood pressure, not just sitting but standing up and after a meal, when it’s likely to be lower?

“Has anybody looked at the number of medications this person takes? There’s a good correlation between the number of medications and how often someone falls.”

Old age doesn’t have to mean a dozen or more prescription bottles lined up on the bathroom window sill, and it doesn’t have to mean infirmity. But too often, society and medical professionals alike brush older patients’ complaints aside, because they equate aging with ongoing physical disintegration.

Not surprisingly, overmedication is a continuing problem for older adults, especially considering that many meds have complications specific to the elderly.

“I don’t have much tolerance for docs prescribing inappropriately for older adults,” said Robison. “I think that borders on malpractice.”

When Kuichi Takei, 96, moved to Sacramento in 2007 to live near his daughter, he suffered from severe osteoporosis, the result of taking steroids for two years for another condition.

McCloud gradually reduced his meds, said Barbara Takei, and discovered that he has a vitamin D deficiency, a problem common to older people.

“My father’s so much stronger now,” she said. “He still lives on his own. He shops for himself and does his own cooking. He takes care of himself completely.

“I don’t think we could have done it had we not had a physician who was diligent in monitoring my father’s condition and assessing his needs.”



Dr. Michael McCloud chats with audience members in Davis last week after giving a lecture titled “Old People Say the Darndest Things … and Why We Should Listen.”

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Smoking cuts cancer survival rate, UCD study finds

People who smoke while being treated for some tobacco-related cancers are likelier to die within five years than those who quit before their treatment starts, according to a UC Davis study.

While the study is relatively small and doesn’t account for all the factors that might be involved, it is helping some cancer patients think more seriously about quitting, said Dr. Allen Chen, one of the study authors.

The urge to smoke can be so powerful that roughly a third of smokers keep lighting up even after they’re told they have cancer, said Chen, a radiation oncologist.

“People in the face of a devastating diagnosis like cancer are very reluctant to think about losing a coping mechanism,” he said. “Smoking is a crutch for many people in emotionally difficult times.”

Chen and a team of nine other researchers at the University of California, Davis, combed through medical records of more than 500 people seen between 1999 and 2008 for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck – a cancer strongly associated with smoking.

The researchers zeroed in on 101 patients who continued to smoke while undergoing radiation therapy. They matched those people, based on age, disease severity and other factors, with 101 very similar former smokers who quit before treatment.

Among the former smokers, 48 died of all causes, and 40 had recurrences of their cancer after the initial treatment. Among the current smokers, 78 died and 51 had a cancer relapse. The overall five-year survival rate was 55 percent for quitters but just 23 percent for smokers.

The study, published online in April in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, notes that the people who kept smoking might have had additional health or lifestyle issues that contributed to their higher death rate.

Even so, said Chen, the study dovetails with animal and laboratory research that suggests “smoking could realistically compromise your chances of cure.”

Doctors aren’t sure why smoking might make it tougher to recover from a moderately treatable cancer, one that has a better than 50 percent survival rate if caught early. One theory involves free radicals, the body’s own errant oxygen molecules.

Radiation therapy works partly by enlisting those free radicals to kill cancer cells. Because smoking makes it hard for the body to get as much oxygen, it might reduce the number of free radicals that can be put to work this way.

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Plan to let non-nurses give kids epilepsy drug stalls

A state Senate bill to let school employees administer an emergency drug to epileptic children was shelved Thursday, prompting complaints from its author that unions blocked it.

Senate Bill 1051 would have authorized non-nursing school staff to volunteer to be trained to give a child, via the rectum, doses of the drug Diastat if the child was having a seizure. After passing two other committees with bipartisan support, SB 1051 died in the Senate Appropriations Committee.

Sen. Bob Huff, R-Diamond Bar, the bill’s author, accused legislators of caving to pressure by unions representing teachers and school nurses. Among groups opposing the bill were the state PTA, the California Teachers Association and the California Nurses Association, whose members have seen their ranks in schools decrease with budget cuts.

The CTA and other opponents said that allowing non-nursing staff to administer the drug was hazardous to children and could put school staff in legal jeopardy if something went wrong during an administration of the drug. Groups representing people with epilepsy and parents with children with epilepsy supported the bill, along with Disability Rights California.

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UCD student team has fast-track way to make vaccine



Members of UC Davis’ prize-winning Inserogen team, from left, Ying Ng, Gabriel Paulino and Bob Kays, inspect tobacco plants; at right, adviser Karen McDonald and team leader Lucas Arzola tell how the plants can be used to save lives.

An award-winning venture by a UC Davis student team could turn a public health pariah into a potential hero, using tobacco plants to develop vaccines in weeks instead of months.

The team, Inserogen, won the $15,000 grand prize at the Big Bang business plan competition at the University of California, Davis, with its proposal to produce vaccines at a fraction of the cost – and time – of conventional methods.

The UC Davis team, which dubbed its product SwiftVax, hopes to capitalize on a global vaccine market it pegs at more than $30 billion and growing.

Members envision opening new markets for veterinary and human vaccines with the less costly, more flexible technology.

Their first target is Newcastle disease, a contagious viral disease that decreases egg production in poultry and can cause flu-like some symptoms in humans.

“We’re able to create new markets because we can make (production) more cost-efficient and can sell the vaccines for less,” said Lucas Arzola, 24, the team’s leader and a third-year doctoral student in chemical engineering at UC Davis. “This lends itself to underserved areas where costs are not viable.”

Chicken eggs are the most common platforms for producing vaccines. Strains are injected into the eggs. Viruses multiply inside the eggs as they incubate, and the fluid inside is harvested.

But Inserogen’s “biofactories,” the lush, green tobacco that is its platform for producing vaccine, chart a different course.

The Inserogen team members engineer bacteria in the lab, customizing it to carry the gene of the vaccine they want to make before embedding it in the plants.

The tobacco plants metabolize the bacterial DNA, and the proteins that the plants produce are then extracted to develop vaccine.

“The advantage is speed. This requires a smaller, cheaper facility to process the leaves” than egg or cell-culture facilities, Arzola said. “By using tobacco plants to develop vaccines,” he said, “we can go from gene to vaccine in six weeks.”

Others are also experimenting with the plant-based technology.

In February, Texas A&M University became home to Project GreenVax. The Texas A&M project, mostly funded by the Department of Defense, is designed to be a rapid response production line for vaccines.

The need for quickly developed mass doses of vaccines was made more urgent during the influenza pandemic of 2009.

It was little more than a year ago that the deadly strain of swine flu triggered fear of a global outbreak as health officials scrambled to develop enough H1N1 vaccine to stem the virus and save lives.

The U.S. government spent months and more than $1 billion on the effort, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says millions across the country were infected, and thousands died.

“If you are able to make vaccines in a short time, there’s no need to produce vaccines in response” to an outbreak, Arzola said.

The team has demonstrated the technology, has a patent pending and is in talks with the university to license SwiftVax.

Joining Arzola are team vice presidents Gabriel Paulino, a business development fellow at UC Davis Graduate School of Management; MBA student Bob Kays; and Ying Ng, a student at UCD’s College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences.

The team’s technology expert was professor Karen McDonald, in whose lab Arzola worked for the past three years after graduating from University of Puerto Rico with a bachelor’s degree in industrial biotechnology.

McDonald, a UC Davis chemical engineering professor, is an authority in plant-made proteins research.

Other advisers came with similar credentials:

• Peter Matlock, co-founder of Ventria BioScience, has more than 30 years’ experience in agriculture biotech startups.

• Bernie Osburn is dean of UC Davis’ highly regarded veterinary school.

• James Cullor is a UC Davis professor and expert in the development of animal vaccines.

Having access to a broad base of experts and research at Davis “opens so many doors,” Arzola said. “They’re doing great research, and being in California, with biotech and venture capital, it gives you an advantage.”

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